{"id":3108,"date":"2026-02-02T14:10:00","date_gmt":"2026-02-02T06:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cytopeutics.com\/?p=3108"},"modified":"2026-02-02T20:28:58","modified_gmt":"2026-02-02T12:28:58","slug":"a-safe-and-simple-approach-to-obtaining-sufficient-cytokine-induced-killer-cik-cells-from-critically-ill-cancer-patients-without-the-need-for-apheresis-or-peripheral-mobilization","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cytopeutics.com\/ms\/abstracts-publication\/cancer-infections\/a-safe-and-simple-approach-to-obtaining-sufficient-cytokine-induced-killer-cik-cells-from-critically-ill-cancer-patients-without-the-need-for-apheresis-or-peripheral-mobilization\/\u00a0","title":{"rendered":"A safe and simple approach to obtaining sufficient cytokine induced killer (CIK) cells from critically-ill cancer patients without the need for apheresis or peripheral mobilization."},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Affiliation<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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  1. Cytopeutics, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia<\/span><\/li>
  2. Elixir Biotech, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia<\/span><\/li>
  3. The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong<\/span><\/li>
  4. Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Selangor, Malaysia<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Background & Aim<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are a group of\u00a0immune cells\u00a0that include natural killer (NK) cells,\u00a0T cells\u00a0and natural killer T (NKT) cells which can be generated from\u00a0peripheral blood mononuclear cells\u00a0(PBMC). NKT cells can be identified by the presence of CD3+ and CD56+\u00a0surface\u00a0markers and are able to target\u00a0cancer cells\u00a0directly or indirectly in the\u00a0absence\u00a0of antibodies or MHC specific proteins allowing a rapid and non-restricted immune reaction. Treatment with CIK also replenishes\u00a0immune cells\u00a0lost during chemotherapy. Studies have shown that 5\u202f\u00d7\u202f10<\/span>9<\/span>\u00a0CIK cells with at least 30% fraction of NKT cells were associated with better outcomes. However most critically-ill cancer patients are unable to tolerate large volume\u00a0apheresis\u00a0to obtain sufficient PBMC for CIK expansion.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Objective<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    We explored a new protocol to expand the CIK cells by using only 60ml of peripheral\u00a0venous blood\u00a0from stage III-IV cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The benefit of this approach is the usage of smaller amount of blood through simple\u00a0venipuncture\u00a0as compared to the more invasive\u00a0apheresis\u00a0method.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Methods, Results & Conclusion Methodology<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    60ml of peripheral\u00a0venous blood\u00a0was withdrawn from 9 patients (M=5, F=4) with mean age of 62\u00b111 years old and 1 healthy donor (male, 45 years) using simple\u00a0venipuncture\u00a0technique. The samples were isolated and induced using interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3), anti-CD3 antibody, recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2) for up to 21 days.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Results<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    We successfully isolated and expanded CIK from all 10 blood samples. The number of CIK was significantly increased from Day 1 to Day 21 of cell expansion (0.12\u00b10.08\u202f\u00d7\u202f10<\/span>9<\/span>\u00a0vs. 7.46\u00b11.85\u202f\u00d7\u202f10<\/span>9<\/span>\u00a0cells, p<0.001) with average of 84\u00b149 fold increase. The expansion number and rate were similar to the healthy donor. In addition, the proportion of NKT cells (CD16+ and CD56+) was 43.7\u00b111.0%.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Conclusion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Using our protocol, we have successfully isolated and expanded CIK to significant and sufficient number of cells using only 60ml of peripheral\u00a0venous blood. This method may allow more critically-ill cancer patients to consider adjunctive cellular\u00a0immunotherapy.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFull paper<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Affiliation Cytopeutics, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia Elixir Biotech, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Selangor, Malaysia Background & Aim Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are a group of\u00a0immune cells\u00a0that include natural killer (NK) cells,\u00a0T cells\u00a0and natural killer T (NKT) cells which can be generated […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3109,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cancer-infections"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nA safe and simple approach to obtaining sufficient cytokine induced killer (CIK) cells from critically-ill cancer patients without the need for apheresis or peripheral 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Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Selangor, Malaysia Background & Aim Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are a group of\u00a0immune cells\u00a0that include natural killer (NK) cells,\u00a0T cells\u00a0and natural killer T (NKT) cells which can be generated […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.cytopeutics.com\/abstracts-publication\/cancer-infections\/a-safe-and-simple-approach-to-obtaining-sufficient-cytokine-induced-killer-cik-cells-from-critically-ill-cancer-patients-without-the-need-for-apheresis-or-peripheral-mobilization\/\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Cytopeutics\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-02-02T06:10:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-02T12:28:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.cytopeutics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Paper12-EMIT-2019.jpg.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" 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Selangor, Malaysia Elixir Biotech, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Selangor, Malaysia Background & Aim Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are a group of\u00a0immune cells\u00a0that include natural killer (NK) cells,\u00a0T cells\u00a0and natural killer T (NKT) cells which can be generated 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